Molecular model of sumatriptan (Imitrex), a triptan-based antimigraine drug. Triptans can provide migraine relief by binding to serotonin receptors in the brain, where they act to induce constriction of the blood vessels and reduce neurogenic inflammation. Shown are carbon (blue), oxygen (red), nitrogen (violet), hydrogen (clear), and one sulphur (yellow).

Molecular model of topiramate (Topomax), a drug used to treat epileptic seizures and bipolar disorder, and to prevent migraine headaches. This model shows carbon (blue), oxygen (red), nitrogen (violet), and sulfur (yellow); hydrogen is not shown.

Molecular model of EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid), a synthetic amino acid used as a chelating agent. Chelation binds a substance to molecules to remove them from a system. In medicine, chelation therapy is used to rid the body of toxic metals, including lead, mercury, and arsenic. The FDA has not approved any chelation therapy to treat autism.

Molecular model of propranolol, a beta blocker used in hypertension management. A competitive antagonist of adrenaline and noradrenaline at beta-adrenoceptors, propranolol is used alone or in combination with other antihypertensive agents such as thiazide diuretics. Propranolol also can reduce migraine activity when used prophylactically.

3D space-filling molecular model of atovaquone, an antimalarial drug, with carbon atoms (blue), hydrogen (clear), oxygen (red), and chlorine (yellow).

3D space-filling molecular model of mefloquine, an antimalarial drug, with carbon atoms (blue), hydrogen (clear), nitrogen (violet), oxygen (red), and fluorine (yellow).

3D space-filling molecular model of chloroquine, an antimalarial drug, with carbon atoms (blue), hydrogen (clear), nitrogen (violet), and a single chlorine atom (yellow).

3D space-filling molecular model of quinidine, an antimalarial drug, with carbon atoms (blue), hydrogen (white), nitrogen (violet), and oxygen (red).

3D space-filling molecular model of pyrimethamine, one of the two components of the antiprotozoal drug Fansidar, used to treat malaria (Plasmodium falciparum infection). Fansidar combines the sulfa antibiotic sulfadoxine and the antimalarial pyrimethamine, shown here with carbon atoms (blue), hydrogen (clear), nitrogen (violet), and chlorine (yellow).

3D space-filling molecular model of sulfadoxine, one of the two components of the antiprotozoal drug Fansidar, used to treat malaria (Plasmodium falciparum infection). Fansidar combines the antimalarial pyrimethamine and the sulfa antibiotic sulfadoxine, shown here with carbon (blue), hydrogen (clear), nitrogen (violet), oxygen (red), and sulfur (yellow).

3D space-filling molecular model of ethanol, or ethyl alcohol (C2H6O), the form of alcohol we drink, with carbon atoms (blue), hydrogen (clear), and oxygen (red).

3D space-filling molecular models of ethanol, or ethyl alcohol (C2H6O), the form of alcohol we drink, with swirling text. The molecule is made up of carbon atoms (purple), hydrogen (clear), and oxygen (red).

3D space-filling molecular models of ethanol, or ethyl alcohol (C2H6O), the form of alcohol we drink, with each of the seven molecules made up of carbon atoms (light blue), oxygen (reddish), and hydrogen (clear).

3D space-filling molecular models of ethanol, or ethyl alcohol (C2H6O), the form of alcohol we drink, with each of the seven molecules made up of carbon atoms (light blue), oxygen (reddish), and hydrogen (clear).

3D space-filling molecular models of disulfiram, (C5H10NS2)2, trade name Antabuse, used as an alcohol deterrent by making the patient so sensitive to alcohol that ingesting even small amounts are unpleasant. Atoms shown are carbon (blue), hydrogen (white), nitrogen (purple), and sulfur (yellow).

Molecular model of acetaldehyde, one of the congener molecules (along with ethanol) produced in alcohol fermentation. Congeners contribute to the flavor and color of alcoholic beverages and are believed to increase hangover symptoms.

Molecular models of ethanol (center) and congener compounds (clockwise from top left): acetaldehyde, amyl alcohol, methanol, and ethyl acetate. Congeners (along with ethanol) are produced in alcohol fermentation. They contribute to the flavor and color of alcoholic beverages and are believed to increase hangover symptoms.

Molecular model of amyl alcohol, one of the congener compounds (along with ethanol) produced in alcohol fermentation. Congeners contribute to the flavor and color of alcoholic beverages and are believed to increase hangover symptoms.

Molecular model of ethanol.

Molecular model of ethyl acetate, one of the congener compounds (along with ethanol) produced in alcohol fermentation. Congeners contribute to the flavor and color of alcoholic beverages and are believed to increase hangover symptoms.