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Illustration of an inflammatory mucositis in the mouth, severe mucositis, with its signature secondary inflammatory effect on the lips, tongue, and gums. This effect followed radiation treatment for cancer elsewhere in the head. It proceeds from mild redness and irritation to blisters, ulcers, necrotic patches, and gum erosion.
Antiplatelet drug therapy to reduce blood clot formation (thrombosis) that causes heart attack or stroke. Aggregation occurs when fibrinogen (blue) binds to activated GP IIb/IIIa receptors on adjoining platelets. Aspirin, clopidogrel, and ticlopidine block platelet activation and aggregation (right). GP IIb/IIIa inhibitors impair aggregation (pink, center).
Human pancreas with a detail of an islet of Langerhans showing alpha (yellow) and beta (pink) cells. The islets are clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas. Beta cells secrete insulin to reduce high blood glucose (sugar) by stimulating carbohydrate metabolism. When blood sugar is too low, alpha cells secrete glucagon, raising blood sugar levels.
Human pancreas and a detail of an Islet of Langerhans showing alpha (yellow) and beta (pink) cells. The islets are clusters of endocrine cells in the pancreas. Beta cells secrete insulin to reduce high blood glucose (sugar) by stimulating carbohydrate metabolism. When blood sugar is too low, alpha cells secrete glucagon, raising blood sugar levels.
Illustration of a renal glomerulus with diabetic glomerulonephropathy. Shown are changes related to diabetic renal disease: hyaline degeneration of the arterioles, fibrin cap formation among the tuft capillaries, and nodular lesions in the intercapillary tissue of the glomerular tufts.