Illustration of a dental bridge installation, used to fill the space of a missing tooth. Shown are the lower jaw with the missing tooth (top left), the adjacent teeth prepared for the bridge (top right), the bridge created and ready to put into place (bottom left), and the bridge in position (bottom right).

Illustration of the correct placement of an endoscope (gastroscope) in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Shown are the endoscope in position in the upper GI tract of a figure, anterior view (left), and a detail of the duodenum and stomach, indicating the position of the endoscope (right).

Illustration of the correct endoscope (gastroscope) placement in the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, with images that may be obtained. Shown are the endoscope in the upper GI tract of a figure, anterior view (left), and details of endoscopic images, one a normal stomach (top right) and the other with Helicobacter pylori gastritis (bottom right).

Illustration of the placement of a cardiac catheter into the right atrium. Shown are a catheter being threaded through the femoral vein in the thigh and into the heart in a human figure, anterior view (left), and the heart with the catheter in the right atrium, cutaway view (right). Also seen are the SA node, left atrium, and inferior vena cava.

Illustration of cardioversion (electric shock) to revert an abnormal heartbeat to a normal sinus rhythm. A male patient is shown with EKG leads and electric paddles, anterior view, with a cutaway view of the heart in his chest (left). Two EKG tracings show atrial fibrillation, before (top right), and a normal rhythm, after cardioversion (bottom right).

Illustration of a mother breastfeeding her baby while reclining on her side. This position allows the mother to relax, and can be more comfortable for women who have had cesarean births because it keeps the baby's weight off the surgical incision.

Illustration of the removal of a portion of the colon due to cancer. Shown are a cutaway view of the large intestine and the diseased section in a figure, anterior view (left), and detail of a surgical stapler clamping and cutting the affected bowel area (right).

Illustration of a colonoscopy, in which the physician examines the inside of the entire large intestine using a colonoscope. Shown are the location of the colon in a figure, anterior view (left), the colonoscope inserted into the colon, cutaway view (middle), and a detail of the lighted end of the colonoscope inside the colon (right).

Illustration of a transrectal ultrasound test to view the structures of the male urogenital and colorectal system for signs of cancer, including prostate, bladder, and colon cancers. Shown are the male pelvic region, sagittal view, with the ultrasound transducer in place in the rectum. The ultrasound images are displayed on the monitor, seen above.

Illustration of grafts used in coronary artery bypass, anterior views. Shown are the large saphenous vein (left), a midline chest incision in a male figure (middle), and the location of the heart and the internal mammary arteries. The saphenous vein or one of the internal mammary arteries can be used to bypass the coronary arteries.

Illustration of coronary bypass surgery, before and after surgery. At left, the heart receives decreased blood flow due to atherosclerotic plaque on the coronary artery walls. At right, coronary artery bypass grafts have restored normal blood flow.

Illustration of a sigmoidoscopy to inspect the colon for signs of colorectal cancer, anterior cutaway views. Shown are the large intestine in a figure (left) and two details: the entire large intestine with the sigmoidoscope inserted (middle) and an inset of the instrument examining the colon (right).

Illustration of peritoneal dialysis, which is used to remove fluid and waste from the body when the kidneys are unable to do so. Shown are the dialysis solution being infused into the abdominal cavity of a figure, lateral view (left), and a detail of a catheter draining the solution from the body, sagittal view (right).

Illustration of surgical repair of hammertoe, a deformity in which a toe is bent downward at the middle joint, lateral views. The right foot is shown with hammertoe of the second toe, indicating a section of bone to be removed (left). Details reveal a closer look at the piece of bone to be taken out (top) and the straightened toe after surgery (bottom).

Illustration of a toe after surgery to correct hammertoe, a deformity in which a toe is bent downward at the middle joint, lateral cutaway view. Shown are the proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint of a lesser toe straightened and fixated with a K-wire or pin (top) and the PIP joint already fused (bottom).

Illustration of the heart with multiple blockages of the coronary arteries. The inset shows a buildup of plaque in the lumen of a coronary artery restricting or obstructing blood flow to the heart muscles, cutaway view.

Illustration of heart surgery, showing the exposure of a coronary artery bypass procedure. The chest and pericardium have been incised and retracted to expose the heart and the great vessels, including the aorta, superior vena cava, and pulmonary artery.

Illustration of the post-operative condition of a coronary artery bypass procedure with a saphenous vein graft and an internal mammary-coronary artery anastomosis. The heart, pericardium, saphenous vein graft, internal mammary artery, and the great vessels, including the aorta, superior vena cava, and pulmonary artery are shown.

Acute pancreatic fluid collection due to pancreatitis, shown with the upper abdominal organs after cholecystectomy (gallbladder removal). Inflammatory fluid collections include pancreatic cysts (pseudocysts), pockets of digestive fluid and necrotic debris, and pancreatic phlegmons, masses of inflamed pancreatic tissue. Both may become infected and abscess.

Illustration of a gastrojejunostomy and a pancreaticojejunostomy. The lower part of the stomach and head of the pancreas have been resected and joined to the jejunum. A Whipple procedure includes these procedures and also removes the gallbladder and part of the bile duct.