Illustration showing a cancerous breast cell producing too many HER genes, which in turn produce an excessive number of HER2 receptors. The receptors attract growth factors, which stimulate the growth of more cells. Herceptin (generic name, trastuzumab) and other antibodies inhibit HER2 receptors and VEGF growth factors. The growth signal is green.

Illustration showing a cancerous breast cell producing too many HER genes, which in turn produce an excessive number of HER2 receptors. The receptors attract growth factors, which stimulate the growth of more cells. Herceptin (generic name, trastuzumab) and other antibodies inhibit HER2 receptors and VEGF growth factors. The growth signal is green.

Close-up illustration showing a cancerous breast cell producing too many HER genes, which in turn produce an excessive number of HER2 receptors. The receptors attract growth factors, which stimulate the growth of more cells. Herceptin (generic name, trastuzumab) and other antibodies inhibit HER2 receptors and VEGF growth factors.

Types of stem cells: embryonic, cord blood, adult, and mesenchymal stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are either totipotent (the fertilized egg), or pluripotent (cultured from the blastocyst). Adult stem cells are mostly multipotent. Bone marrow contains multipotent mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. Cord blood stem cells are also hematopoietic.

Types of stem cells: embryonic, cord blood, adult, and mesenchymal stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are either totipotent (the fertilized egg), or pluripotent (cultured from the blastocyst). Adult stem cells are mostly multipotent. Bone marrow contains multipotent mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. Cord blood stem cells are also hematopoietic.

Types of stem cells: embryonic, cord blood, adult, and mesenchymal stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are either totipotent (the fertilized egg), or pluripotent (cultured from the blastocyst). Adult stem cells are mostly multipotent. Bone marrow contains multipotent mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. Cord blood stem cells are also hematopoietic.

Types of stem cells: embryonic, cord blood, adult, and mesenchymal stem cells. Embryonic stem cells are either totipotent (the fertilized egg), or pluripotent (cultured from the blastocyst). Adult stem cells are mostly multipotent. Bone marrow contains multipotent mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells. Cord blood stem cells are also hematopoietic.

Stem cells from human umbilical cord blood, used to treat a child with leukemia. Cord blood stem cells are hematopoietic, i.e., they can become any type of blood cell or immune system cell. They are stored in liquid nitrogen in cord blood banks after cleansing and typing, to be thawed for later use. Recent research multiplies them in culture to treat adults.

Stem cells from human umbilical cord blood, used to treat a child with leukemia. Cord blood stem cells are hematopoietic, i.e., they can become any type of blood cell or immune system cell. They are stored in liquid nitrogen in cord blood banks after cleansing and typing, to be thawed for later use. Recent research multiplies them in culture to treat adults.

Photo illustration of a person who has drunk too much alcohol attempting to put a key into the automobile ignition.

Illustration of loss of coordination due to excessive alcohol consumption: a staggering drunk man clutching a bottle of booze.

Anatomy of a migraine. Sensory triggers can cause the thalamus to interact with the trigeminal nucleus and nerve (red arrow) and to dilate blood vessels in the face and brain. Pain signals are then sent to the brainstem nuclei (green arrows). The hypothalamus may also send signals to the brainstem and gut to induce pain, nausea, and vomiting (blue arrows).

Anatomy of a migraine. Sensory triggers can cause the thalamus to interact with the trigeminal nucleus and nerve (red arrow) and to dilate blood vessels in the face and brain. Pain signals are then sent to the brainstem nuclei (green arrows). The hypothalamus may also send signals to the brainstem and gut to induce pain, nausea, and vomiting (blue arrows).

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.

Illustration depicting a feeling of isolation due to autism or other causes.