Alena Shmorgun, left, looks how her new born daughter undergoes medical tests in Kiev's hospital Tuesday, Oct.4, 2005. Ukraine's population has long been in a downward spiral, due in large part to women's fears of giving birth after the 1986 Chernobyl nuclear accident, as well as the poverty and deterioration of the public health system following the breakup of the Soviet Union and the sharp increase in emigration by people hoping for a better life abroad. President Viktor Yushchenko's government pledged to reverse the trend and has tapped into methods as varied as giving new mothers US$1,500 (8,460 Ukrainian hryvna or 1,246) , and slick pro-natal advertising campaigns. Early figures suggest it's working. (AP Photo/Sergei Chuzavkov)